Don’t Judge a Book By Its Cover(s)

By Storm Stoker

Did you know that book makers were BIG into recycling? With the invention of the printing press in 1440, manuscripts were soon viewed as unfashionable and were cut up and used to reinforce the spines and covers of new-fangled books.

At the UH Mānoa School of Law Library we have a few examples of books that used discarded pages of other books or discarded misprints of the same book in their bindings.  You would not even know this interesting secret exists unless the book got damaged, revealing what was under the spine or inside the book’s cover.  Here are two examples we found in our collection:

Parts of a book displayed
Wikimedia commons

What else has been found this way? Medieval illuminated manuscripts (painted using gold leaf illustrated with small paintings), in particular sheets of music, have been cut up and used to bind books in the 16th and 17th centuries.  Some bookbinders would use these illuminated manuscript pieces in decorative ways as the paste downs, or inside covers of books.  A 15th century Irish translation of Ibn Sīna (an ancient physician’s medical manuscript) was trimmed and folded and used to cover a Latin book printed in London in 1530.  Before this discovery, no one knew that his work had been translated into Irish.[1] A fragment of the Arthurian legend from the 13th century was recently found, revealing new details about how this story evolved over time.[2]

The Smithsonian is working on a technique to X-Ray old books so they can see the fragments of other texts without actually taking the bindings apart. The X-Rays pick up the metals in medieval iron gall ink and can read the text, even on several different layers within the cover or spine.[3]  The discoveries that could be made with this new technology is exciting.  Perhaps there is an additional, hidden library of information within your library.

Further reading

Al-Samarrai, N. (2019, February 01). Found: A 13th-Century Tale of Merlin and Arthur, Reused as Bookbinding. Retrieved from https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/rare-merlin-manuscript-found (Accessed 4/24/19).

Daley, J. (2016, June 06). X-Rays Reveal “Hidden Library” on the Spines of Early Books. Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/x-rays-reveal-hidden-library-spines-early-books-180959317/ (Accessed 4/24/19).

Flood, A. (2019, March 07). Surprise as unknown Irish translation of Ibn Sīna discovered in spine of book. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/mar/07/surprise-as-unknown-irish-translation-of-ibn-sina-discovered-in-spine-of-book (Accessed 4/24/19).

Geggel, L. (2017, July 25). Imaging Reveals Medieval Manuscript Hidden in Book Binding. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/59925-imaging-reveals-medieval-text.html (Accessed 4/24/19).


Got a broken book that isn’t hiding any secrets, other than that mysterious tear? Bring it to the Book Doctors and we will fix it for you! 

4 female book doctors in surgical masks

[1] Flood, A. (2019, March 07). Surprise as unknown Irish translation of Ibn Sīna discovered in spine of book. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/mar/07/surprise-as-unknown-irish-translation-of-ibn-sina-discovered-in-spine-of-book (Accessed 4/24/19).

[2] Al-Samarrai, N. (2019, February 01). Found: A 13th-Century Tale of Merlin and Arthur, Reused as Bookbinding. Retrieved from https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/rare-merlin-manuscript-found (Accessed 4/24/19).

[3] Daley, J. (2016, June 06). X-Rays Reveal “Hidden Library” on the Spines of Early Books. Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/x-rays-reveal-hidden-library-spines-early-books-180959317/ (Accessed 4/24/19).

A Rare Experience at Rare Book School

By Storm Stoker, Technical Services Support Specialist

I wasn’t even in the door of the old stone Alderman Library on the University of Virginia (UVA) grounds when I heard three clever Harry Potter references. These were my people- book nerds. I was among twenty fellows who received the Institute of Museum and Library Services, Rare Book School (IMLS-RBS) Fellowship.

Storm Stoker at Rare Book School (UVA)

This fellowship is designed to provide professional development education opportunities to early career special collections librarians, with a special emphasis on recruiting those that are currently underrepresented in the field. Funding included travel costs and tuition for the History of the Book 200-2000 course at UVA, as well as for the annual conference of Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) of the Association of College and Research Libraries at the Biltmore in Florida (the course and conference took place from June 9-24, 2016).  RBS offers over 60 courses in various locations throughout the US, but their home base is UVA.

RBS Director Michael F. Suarez gave an inspiring introductory lecture, encourages us to look and see the books, and not to just take pictures in an attempt to possess them.  Good advice for anyone in this age of over documentation to stop and enjoy the moment.

Upon arrival in our first class, we were led by candlelight and in complete silence to a dark basement room surrounded by books. I was a little worried we were about to sacrifice something, as UVA is famous for its secret societies.  Artificial candles provided the only light as the professors passed around copies of illuminated manuscripts and told us to read quietly for three minutes. It was difficult reading the ornate writing in the dim

Book with illumination

light and the few phrases I could make out referred to torture, the devil and hell. This strange and dramatic introduction to RBS demonstrated in a very visceral way the difficult conditions in which medieval scribes created their exquisite works. Most scribes had to work on farms during the day and could only do this work at night with a minimum of illumination. This introduction was indicative of the enthralling teaching style of my two professors who led us through 1800 fascinating years of the history of the book.

The course was taught by Dr. John Buchtel and Mark Dimunation. Dr. Buchtel is the Head of Special Collections at Georgetown University and has worked as the curator of rare books at the Sheridan Libraries at John Hopkins University. Mark Dimunation has been the Chief of the Rare Book and Special Collections Division of the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. since 1998. Both professors are eccentric geniuses, gifted with a peculiar and fascinating sense of humor.  The course began with cuneiform tablets and covered the past 1800 years of book production.

As part of the class we visited the Library of Congress Rare Book Collection where Mark Dimunation is “The Chief.” I hope you are all as sufficiently impressed by this fact as I am.  I took a class from THE CHIEF!  We were taken to the special collections room where the most amazing moments of our experience took place. The class got to see and touch illuminated manuscripts that were ancient but glowed as if they were just created. We saw an impossibly miniature book of hours covered with embroidered fabric and encrusted with pearls. The most electric moment took place when a very plain book bound in vellum was produced. It was a scientific book with Marginalia (hand written notes), smudgy fingerprints and dog-eared pages. We were astonished to learn this was Galileo’s book. Not just written by Galileo, but a book written, printed and doodled in by Galileo. The smudgy fingerprints were made by him as this copy came off the printing press he was using. He noticed a mistake in this copy so he used it for his own personal reference and corrected the mistake for future printings.  (Book nerds and book collectors everywhere are now feeling a bit lightheaded as all these details, known as provenance, increase the value). Holding this book was an unforgettable thrill.

Beware, there is singing in Rare Book School.  Before we left Mark Dimunation and

Mark Dimunation, Chief of the Rare Book Spec. Coll. at LOC

another St. Olaf alum, treated us to a strange rendition of their school song. If you haven’t heard this hilarious ditty, I recommend you Google it immediately.  As a class we were frequently and horrifically required to sing “Hypnerotomachia Poliphili” (an early example of printing) but at least I won’t forget the title of this important tome.

Did you know that many expressions that we use today started with the printing press?  “Mind your p’s and q’s,” means to pay attention, because each letter was an individual metal mold, apprentices had to be careful to put the letters back in the right place, to avoid mixing them up.   The capital letters were kept in the top portion of the case (upper case) and the regular letters were kept in the bottom portion of the case (lower case).  There were opportunities to practice printing our own almanacs on UVA’s replica printing press.  We saw some of the vocabulary we had been learning in the flesh, words like; beaters, bite, bosses, fetishes, type height and pied type.

So what is it like to attend Rare Book School?  For the book nerds it is about as close as you are ever going to get to the Hogwarts library. It was the experience of a lifetime and I gained the knowledge and vocabulary needed to work with others researching rare books. I can share the experience with my community and help people appreciate and value special collections. It was informative, inspiring and oh, yes, it was the best “summer camp” ever, if you are a book nerd.